Cerebral infarction (CI) is also known as ischemic stroke. It is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, with high mortality and disability rate, which has seriously threatened human health. To better apply the diagnosis and treatment plan of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine to the treatment of patients with CI, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Infarction with the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in 2021. It involves etiology and pathogenesis of CI, diagnosis and treatment standards of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine, syndrome elements of TCM, as well as rehabilitation nursing of CI with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine during acute period and recovery period. This study interprets the consensus from routine nursing, dietary nursing, emotional nursing, complication nursing, rehabilitation nursing, and continuous nursing, aiming to provide evidence-based support for clinical TCM nursing practice.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance (PV) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among nursing officers. Materials and Methods: A pre- and post-single-arm interventional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Nagpur from May 2021 to October 2021 among 48 nursing officers. Data related to KAP were obtained through validated questionnaires before and after 3 months of educational intervention. Results: The mean knowledge score among nursing officers significantly improved from 11.05 ± 3.09 to 16.77 ± 2.07 after training session (P < 0.001). The mean score regarding attitude was significantly upgraded from 21.16 ± 5.6 to 23.79 ± 2.97 (P < 0.001). At baseline, the mean practice score was poor (2.41 ± 2.89), which was improved after training session, but the difference is not significant. Conclusion: Educational intervention had a significant impact on knowledge and attitude toward ADR reporting. The practice of detecting and reporting an ADR to the treating consultant is improved, but it is not transformed into reporting an ADR to the PV center to a significant extent. Hence, it is recommended to streamline ADR reporting process by implementing such training modules more frequently.

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate nurses' research capacity and related training needs in Shanghai to provide evidence to further nursing research training. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 1226 clinical registered nurses, including the Nursing Research Capacity of Self-Evaluation Questionnaire and Research Training Needs Form, was recruited from 14 public hospitals in Shanghai, China. And the influencing factors of nurses' research capacity were analyzed. Results: The mean score of nurses' research capacity was (46.25 ± 22.90) in Shanghai, that was at a low-to-medium level. The influencing factors of nurses' research capacity including age (F = 15.983, P < 0.001), education (F = 20.738, P < 0.001), professional title (F = 6.993, P = 0.001), working years (F = 7.803, P < 0.001), department (F = 8.545, P < 0.001), and position (F = −3.354, P = 0.001). The most critical factor is the time to participate a study (P < 0.001). And what the nurses demanded were writing skills, special lectures, and participating in colleagues' projects mostly. Conclusion: Nurse's scientific research capacity still needs to be improved in Shanghai. The key to improving this situation is the individualized scientific research training and education for nurses and the practice of more participation in scientific research projects.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the referral and counter-referral practices in obstetric emergencies among health-care providers in selected health facilities in Plateau state of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A concurrent embedded descriptive mixed method consisting of both quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted for the study. Participants (104) were recruited using multistage sampling and 8 participants using purposive sampling techniques for quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study, respectively. The three-phase delay model directed the study. A self-developed structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide were used to elicit quantitative and qualitative responses from the participants. Quantitative instrument was tested for reliability, while the qualitative instrument went through the rigors of qualitative data. Results: Findings revealed low level of referral and counter-referral practices as only 19 (18.27%) and 30 (28.85%), respectively, of care providers referred patients above 10 times in a year. The study also revealed inadequate human and material resources for referrals and counter-referrals. The mean on barriers to referral was 2.90, which was above the cutoff of mean of 2.50, which indicates that the barriers are militating against referral and counter-referral in obstetric emergencies. Conclusions: Low levels of referral and counter-referral practices are identified with inadequate resources among others posing as barriers. Therefore, provision of standard operational procedures/protocols in every health-care facility as well as provision of adequate material and skilled human resources among others is recommended to enhance referral and counter-referral network in obstetric emergencies. There is also a need for teamwork and synergy among all stakeholders in the referral chain.

Objective: The objective of this study is to measure and compare the knowledge of nursing students and nurses on blood transfusion in an Indian context. Materials and Methods: The present comparative, cross-sectional study enrolled 296 nurses and 177 nursing students through a purposive sampling from a medical university hospital and different nursing institutions. The data were collected in the month of June and July of year 2021, using a self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had two sections: Section-I contained demographic data (8 items for nurses and 5 for students) and section-II included 26 items that assessed nurses' and nursing students' knowledge on blood transfusion. Results: Findings indicated that nurses and nursing students had insufficient knowledge about blood transfusion. Nurses, however, had significantly greater total blood transfusion knowledge scores than nursing students (16.51 ± 3.85 vs. 12.10 ± 3.28; P < 0.001). The marital status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.456, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.244, 0.853; P = 0.037), educational level (AOR = 5.072, 95% CI 1.982, 9.634 (P = 0.003); AOR = 6.540, 95% CI 2.54, 16.871; P = 0.001) and work experience (AOR = 0.216, 95% CI 0.067, 0.702 [P = 0.037]; AOR = 0.331, 95% CI 0.135, 0.811; P = 0.013) were the significant predictors of the level of knowledge among nurses. The attendance in any educational programme on blood transfusion (AOR = 0.225, 95% CI: 0.062, 0.818; P = 0.041) was a significant predictor of the level of knowledge among nursing students. Conclusion: Nurses and nursing students have unsatisfactory knowledge on blood transfusion; emphasizing the critical need for immediate and successful teaching activities in this area.

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the determinants of the practice and patronage of traditional bonesetting (TBS) in a Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design approach with purposive sampling technique was used. Data collection was through the use of two set of self-developed structured questionnaire (for bonesetters and clients). The study obtained data from eight traditional bonesetters and fifty-six inpatients receiving treatments in the bonesetters' homes across the study location. Results: Findings from the study showed that the major cause of fractures were road traffic accidents while low cost of treatment was the major influence for patronizing traditional bonesetters. The study also revealed that majority of the traditional bonesetters had little or no formal education. Among the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, only occupation showed signification relationship with reasons for patronage of TBS homes (χ² = 28.164, P = 0.036). Conclusion: The patronage of traditional bonesetters may be impossible to eradicate; thus, the study recommends the need for collaboration among traditional bonesetters and modern orthopedic practitioners through recognition and continuous training of the traditional bonesetters on appropriate management and referrals.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students' knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was completed with 317 undergraduate students of one health sciences faculty in Turkey. The data were collected between March 1, 2020, and March 15, 2020, by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire created by the researchers. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data. Results: In this study, a high proportion of students answered questions about COVID-19 correctly. About 55.8% of the students took partial precautions against COVID-19 to protect themselves against COVID-19 and “frequent washing of hands” was the most common precaution. We determined that the main reasons for not taking any precautions against COVID-19 were “low number of cases in Turkey” and “getting irritated by the mask.” About 98.4% of the participants were entirely/partially following the news on COVID-19, with social media being the most commonly used medium. Female students took more protective measures than male students. The 1^st-year students had more positive thoughts about vaccination compared to those in the other classes. Conclusions: Although the knowledge of the students about COVID-19 was good in the first wave of the pandemic, more than half of the students stated that they partially complied with the protective measures.

Technology-based interventions are thought to be one of the innovative alternatives for improving the psychosocial health of adolescent survivors. This article outlines an example of technology-based psychosocial intervention for adolescent survivors of leukemia. This technology-based psychosocial support intervention consists of five separate modules related to personal development, coping skills, and a healthy lifestyle. intervention can be applied to adolescents (aged 12–18 years) who have completed leukemia treatment at least 2 years ago and are disease free. Psychosocial interventions are crucial to improving adolescent survivors' psychosocial well-being in long-term follow-up. It is thought that psychosocial interventions can be effective on survivors' self-efficacy, coping skills, and quality of life, and survivors will be satisfied with the program. Regarding the model of childhood cancer survivorship care, this intervention can be integrated into the follow-up program and guide pediatric oncology nurses in preparing support programs for adolescent survivors.

As dehydration is related to negative health outcomes in the elderly, including an increased risk of disability and death, prevention may help improve health, functional status, and quality of life. Dehydration diagnosis can be challenging in the elderly as the traditional physical indications of dehydration may be absent or ambiguous. Numerous etiologies place the elderly at an increased risk. The role of the community health nurse (CHN) derives from the responsibilities attached to her, and the Betty Neuman's Systems Model of health care with three levels of protection is usually applied to the CHN. In this mini-review, we try to integrate the Betty Neuman's Systems Model with the results of identified articles. This study includes a literature search of reputable international databases such as SpringerLink, PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang, particularly for the period 2005 to the present. Ten articles that met the qualifying criteria were included in this study. The findings of this study draw a picture of the role of CHN in preventing dehydration across the three levels of prevention as mentioned by Betty Neuman.

Gout is a common rheumatism and its long-term recurrent attacks can cause joint destruction and deformity, even disability, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Chinese medicine plays a unique advantage in the treatment and rehabilitation of gout. To further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of gout with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gout with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in August 2021. Expert recommendations were made on the etiology and pathogenesis; diagnosis and classification standards; patient health management; and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment, prevention, and nursing of gout. This article interprets the guidelines from the nursing point of view, focusing on the detailed explanation of diet care, functional exercise, and appropriate techniques of traditional Chinese medicine for gout, in order to provide better clinical reference for high-quality nursing services for gout patients.