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Empowerment education aims to stimulate the intrinsic motivation of patients and make them pay more attention to their own health so as to control the disease. This paper expounds the concept, theoretical framework, implementer, object, implementation steps, forms, and evaluation methods of empowerment education for cancer patients, in order to provide practical guidance for clinical workers.

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Background: East Asia is one of the most important economy and research force in the world. However, the trend of published articles in various areas of East Asia has not been reported. Methods: We used PubMed and Web of Science databases to search for articles published from China, South Korea, and Japan in 59 nursing journals, from January 2008 to December 2017. Results: The results indicated that Journal of Clinical Nursing is the most popular journal in East Asia and the number of articles published in China has shown a steady upward trend, surpassing Japan and South Korea (from 204 in 2008 to 320 in 2017). South Korea has increased rapidly since 2013 (from 65 in 2013 to 144 in 2017). Conclusion: We conclude that China is the most influenced country with the largest number of articles in the field of nursing in East Asia. It is worth noting that the number of articles published in Japan has been slowly declining since 2015.

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Objective: The objective was to investigate the relationship between resilience, illness uncertainty, and sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2020 from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. Totally, 205 participants completed questionnaires concerning demographic characteristics, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Mishel uncertainty in illness scale (MUIS), and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISR) were collected by convenience sampling. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was used to evaluate the interaction of illness uncertainty, resilience, and sleep quality. The mediating role of resilience was also tested. Results: The total score of illness uncertainty was 94.68 ± 11.19 in T2DM patients, which was proved in the medium level. There was a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISR score and total MUIS score (r = −0.716, P < 0.01); there was a significant negative correlation between the total CD-RISR score and total PISQ score (r = −0.806, P < 0.01); total MUIS score was positively correlated with PISQ score (r = 0.872, P < 0.01). Psychological resilience could partially mediate the association between sleep quality and the level of illness uncertainty, and the mediating effect was 0.293, accounting for 34.20% of the total effect. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM have a moderate level of illness uncertainty, and it was negatively correlated with mental resilience level and positively associated with sleep quality. Medical staff should strengthen psychological intervention for T2DM patients to reduce the sense of uncertainty.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the mediating role of professional commitment of undergraduate nursing students between positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and learning burnout. Materials and Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to survey 442 students of a bachelor's degree in freshman to the junior in a medical college in Shaanxi Province. Results: Professional commitment was positively related to positive PsyCap (= 0.487, P < 0.01), while positive PsyCap and professional commitment were negatively related to learning burnout (r = −0.456, r = −0.411, P all < 0.01). There are certain mediating effects of professional commitment in the relationship between positive PsyCap and learning burnout. The mediating effect value of professional commitment is −0.065, accounting for 16.08% of the total effect. Conclusion: Nursing educators in medical colleges and universities should focus on developing and training the positive PsyCap of undergraduate nursing students, thereby enhancing and stabilizing their professional commitment level and reducing the risk of learning burnout.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health locus of control on the quality of life on hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Participants were 78 dialysis patients among 17–70 years old including 39 cases in the training program and 39 cases in control groups. Kidney disease quality of life-short form and the health locus of control scale-form A were used. Questionnaires were completed before and 8 weeks after the intervention by two groups. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that the mean scores of physical component summary, mental component summary, and components of renal disease in the test group increased significantly after the intervention. There was also a significant difference between the test and control groups only about powerful others. Conclusion: The education based on health locus of control can have a positive effect on the life quality of hemodialysis patients.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in galanin (GAL) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in patients with different subtypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its correlation with anxiety and depression in patients. Methods: Using the reflux disease questionnaire, 238 patients with GERD were selected as the study group. According to the endoscopic performance, they were divided into the nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) group (114 patients) and the RE group (124 patients). Sixty healthy people were selected as the control group. All research subjects were tested using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) to assess the severity of anxiety and depression. The levels of 5-HT and GAL were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the control group, 5-HT level in GERD patients without anxiety and depression was higher (t = 1.97, P < 0.05) and GAL level was lower (t = 1.97, P < 0.05). NERD patients demonstrated more server anxiety (F = 55.92, P < 0.05) and depression problems (F = 36.51, P < 0.05) compared to reflux esophagitis (RE) patients. The 5-HT level was lower (F = 54.53, P < 0.05) and the GAL level was higher (F = 8.00, P < 0.05) in NERD patients compared with the control group. Furthermore, 5-HT level was negatively correlated with SAS (r = −0.789, P < 0.05) and SDS (r = −0.787, P < 0.05) scores; GAL level was positively correlated with SAS (r = 0.688, P < 0.05) and SDS (r = 0.705, P < 0.05) scores; 5-HT and GAL level were negatively correlated (r= −0.744, P < 0.05). Conclusions: 5-HT level is higher and GAL level was lower in GERD patients without anxiety and depression than healthy people; the symptoms of anxiety and depression of NERD patients are more severe compared to those of RE patients; the severity of anxiety and depression was negatively correlated with the level of 5-HT and positively with GAL level.

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Objective: The objective is to investigate the effect of five-animal frolics on anxiety and depression of hospitalized inpatients. Materials and Methods: Totally 50 inpatients from departments of Internal Medicine, Surgery and General Medicine with hospital admission date between January 2019 and July 2020 were included. All patients exercise five-animal frolics under the professional guidance of the nurse in charge. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the conditions of anxiety and depression of patients before and after taking five-animal frolics exercise. Results: The overall score of anxiety patients was significantly lower after five-animal frolics exercise than before [6.0 (5.0, 8.0) vs. 10.0 (8.0, 12.0), Z=-5.466, P <0.001]; the overall depression score of patients was significantly lower after five-animal frolics exercise than before [ 6.5 (4.0, 8.0) vs. 10.0 (8.0, 14.0), Z=-5.175, P < 0.001]. There were 26 (52.0%) very effective cases after exercise, 16 (32.0%) effective cases, 8 (16.0%) invalid cases, and the effective rate was 84.0% Conclusion: Taking five-animal frolics exercise can improve anxiety and depression of inpatients.

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Objective: The objective is to understand the current situation of clinical practice training for nursing master's degree postgraduates, and discuss the necessity of implementing the “dual specialty” training mode for nursing master's degree postgraduates in China. Methods: Phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with 10 nursing master's degree graduates, and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method. Results: Four topics were extracted: The objective of clinical practice training for nursing master degree postgraduates was not specific; the cultivation direction is not refined; the ability of clinical practice is weak; the research direction is not consistent with the required position. Conclusion: Implementing special double training mode can solve nursing professional master degree postgraduate education lacking the ability to service the needs of society, graduate students and the existing problems of specialist nurse training and the cultivation of “heavy science, light clinical practice” status quo and the effective way of guiding graduate students career planning, so the implementation of special “double” training mode is necessary.

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It is a fact that in most of the rural settings, especially in low- and middle-income nations, the access to health care services and facilities is quite difficult. The primary reason for origin of this problem lies in the fact that a major proportion of medical professionals are not willing to serve in rural areas. This is in turn can be linked with the obvious geographical disparity in distribution of medical colleges in both rural and urban settings, with most of them being present in urban locations. In order to accomplish the vision to create a cadre of competent medical professionals, who are fit to work in the capacity of a primary health care physician, it is an indispensable requirement to sensitize and give adequate number of learning experiences pertaining to rural medical education. The process of planning and execution of rural medical education needs careful and systematic consideration, otherwise we will find ourselves short in achieving the intended learning outcomes. To conclude, rural medical education is an important aspect of the medical training. It is high time that all the stakeholders join their hands and work together to improve the competence level of medical students and play our part in the making of a community health physician.

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